Glossary: HR & Recruiting Definitions
Cover Letter
Learn what a cover letter is, why employers ask for one, what to include, and how to write an effective cover letter that improves job applications.
What Is a Cover Letter?
A cover letter is a document submitted alongside a CV or resume when applying for a job. It introduces the candidate, explains their interest in the role, and highlights the experience or skills that make them a strong fit for the position.
Unlike a CV, which primarily lists qualifications and work history, a cover letter provides context and allows candidates to explain their motivation, achievements, and suitability for the role.
Although not every employer requires one, cover letters remain a common part of recruitment processes across many industries.
Why Cover Letters Matter
Cover letters help candidates stand out by adding personality and context to an application.
They allow applicants to:
- Explain career transitions.
- Highlight relevant achievements.
- Demonstrate interest in the company.
- Showcase communication skills.
- Address employment gaps.
- Tailor applications to specific roles.
For employers, cover letters provide additional insight into a candidate's motivation and communication ability.
What Should a Cover Letter Include?
A typical cover letter includes:
Introduction
The candidate introduces themselves and explains the role they are applying for.
Why They Are Interested
Applicants explain why they want to work for the company and what attracted them to the opportunity.
Relevant Experience
Candidates highlight the experience, skills, or achievements most relevant to the position.
Closing Statement
The letter concludes with appreciation and an expression of interest in discussing the opportunity further.
Most cover letters are between 250 and 400 words long.
Cover Letter vs CV
Although they are often submitted together, they serve different purposes.
- Purpose: a cover letter explains why the candidate is a fit, while a CV lists qualifications and experience.
- Reuse: a cover letter is tailored for each application, while a CV is often reused across applications.
- Format: a cover letter uses a narrative format, while a CV uses a structured format.
- Focus: a cover letter focuses on motivation and relevance, while a CV focuses on career history.
A strong application typically uses both documents to complement each other.
Are Cover Letters Still Important?
The importance of cover letters varies by industry and employer. They are more commonly requested for:
- Professional services
- Marketing roles
- Management positions
- Graduate programs
- Public sector jobs
They are less common in high-volume hiring environments where employers prioritize speed and standardized screening.
Many technology companies and startups no longer require cover letters as part of their hiring process.
How Recruiters Use Cover Letters
Recruiters often use cover letters to assess:
- Communication skills
- Attention to detail
- Motivation for the role
- Understanding of the company
- Professionalism
However, recruiters rarely make decisions based solely on a cover letter. The document usually supports information already provided in a CV or application form.
Common Cover Letter Mistakes
Some of the most common mistakes include:
- Using generic templates.
- Repeating information from the CV.
- Writing excessively long letters.
- Addressing the wrong company.
- Focusing only on personal goals.
- Including spelling or grammar mistakes.
Effective cover letters are concise, relevant, and tailored to the specific opportunity.
How AI Is Changing Cover Letters
Artificial intelligence tools are increasingly helping candidates:
- Draft cover letters.
- Tailor applications to job descriptions.
- Improve writing quality.
- Optimize keyword usage.
At the same time, employers are relying less on cover letters and more on structured assessments, skills testing, and AI-powered screening.
FAQs
What is the purpose of a cover letter?
A cover letter explains why a candidate is interested in a role and why they are a good fit.
Is a cover letter the same as a CV?
No. A cover letter complements a CV but serves a different purpose.
Are cover letters still required?
Some employers still request them, although their importance is declining in some industries.
How long should a cover letter be?
Most cover letters are between 250 and 400 words long.
